Judaism and Christianity have a lot of similarities, at least as far as the Old Testament goes. One thing I learned about Judaism is that they are more concerned about what an individual does here and now than what they believe about God. This is very similar to the Islam religion, which I'll post about next, but here are the notes about Christianity.
Christianity
“fulfillment of prophecy”
* Historical Background
*-Consistent with Judaism until the life of Christ
-Focus more on prophecy and personal interaction
-Jesus fulfillment of Old Testament prophecy for messiah
*30AD (give or take) Jesus begins public ministry and speaking
*33 AD (give or take) Jesus dies on the cross
-individuals called themselves followers of “the way”
-11 disciples and Paul sent out to begin churches
*Bible divided into Old and New Testaments
(various testaments [testimony] indicate mode of salvation)
*Basic Theology (monotheistic)
*God:
-Personal and interactive with humanity
-transcendent, holy, loving, just, merciful, omniscient, omni-present, omni-potent, and eternal
-Trinity: one essence, three persons (e.g. clover, H20, egg)
-God the Father, God the Son (Jesus), and Holy Spirit
*Humanity:
-created by God in his image (eternal)
-subject to confines of original sin (born with tendency towards evil)
-must choose to accept or reject God
*Salvation and Afterlife:
-salvation through faith in Jesus
-recognition that sinful choices separates individual from God
-recognition that result of sinful choices is death
-choice to believe individual needs Jesus
-acceptance of Jesus as substitute in death
-belief oriented (not about personal actions but God’s actions)
-afterlife either with God or without God
*Practices and lifestyle:
-prayer and church attendance
-tithing 10% of income
-sharing the gospel or story of Jesus Christ and salvation plan
-lifestyle change to follow Biblical principles (sanctification)
Additional clarification:
Fulfillment of prophecy is what distinguishes Christianity from Judaism. The Israelites believed their savior (or messiah) would set them free from worldly oppression and set up a new and powerful nation. Jesus fulfilled the prophecies in a way to set individual people free from the consequences of sin.
30/33 AD (give or take)…because the calendar was developed in hindsight, the actual year 0 can be debatable.
Old and New Testaments: The Old Testament shows God interacting with the people more sporadically. While still always involved, the people were attempting to make themselves holy through right action. In Christianity, the only way to pay for sin (wrong actions committed) is through blood. Thus the Old Testament shows people attempting to follow multiple laws, thus avoiding sin, and offering animal sacrifices. Only the priests were allowed in God’s temple due to his holiness (thus sin could not enter temple). The New Testament shows a different way to reach God through Jesus. Thus the old way of reaching God is no longer necessary.
God is seen as a very personal God. He responds to people who pray and interacts/intervenes in temporal life. He is not obligated to do so, and for reasons unknown often does not.
The idea of the trinity means that God is not three separate gods, but one being. Just as an egg has the shell, white, and yolk, it is still one egg. The same holds true for a clover having three leaves but is still the same clover or that while water can be ice, vapor, or water, it is still the same substance. (Occasionally it is described as different roles, such as a woman being a mother, career woman, and wife.)
Humanity is in God’s image not physically but with the capacity for emotion, spiritual being, thought, and eternal life.
When each person sins, he/she takes upon him/herself the consequence of death. Jesus can become a substitute because he lived a human life without sin. Therefore, if accepted as savior, he may take an individual’s penalty of eternal (soul) death away. Thus humanity can enter the presence of God if Jesus is received because they are now seen as perfect. A popular example is of an individual who was caught speeding and the ticket is too expensive to pay. The judge (to be just) must punish. However, at time of prosecution, the judge steps down and takes both the guilt upon himself and the penalty and lets the offender (speeder) go free.
Sanctification vs. Justification: Justification is the choice to believe Jesus and thus take the gift of salvation. This is entirely belief based. Sanctification is the process by which a person learns to live rightly. Christians are expected to follow Biblical principles; however, it is after they have been justified through faith.